All rotation of the
shaft, s1, is prevented by a screw, o, which traverses the cast
iron stirrup, C, and the steel axle box.
* * * * *
RECENT HYDRAULIC EXPERIMENTS.
At a late meeting of the Institution of Civil Engineers, the paper read
was on "Recent Hydraulic Experiments," by Major Allan Cunningham, R.E.
This paper was mainly a general account of some extensive experiments on
the flow of water in the Ganges Canal, lasting over four years--1874-79.
Their principal object was to find a good mode of discharge measurements
for large canals, and to test existing formulae. There are about 50,000
velocity, and 600 surface-slope measurements, besides many special
experiments. The Ganges Canal, from its great size, from the variety of
its branches abounding in long straight reaches, and from the power of
control over the water in it, was eminently suited for such experiments.
An important feature was the great range of conditions, and, therefore,
also of results obtained. Thus the chief work was done at thirteen sites
in brickwork and in earth, some being rectangular and others
trapezoidal, and varying from 193 ft. to 13 ft. in breadth, and from 11
ft. to 7 in. in depth, with surface-slopes from 480 to 24 per million,
velocities from 7.7 ft. to 0.6 ft. per second, and discharges from 7,364
to 114 cubic feet per second.
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